The northern half of East Prussia in the region of Königsberg was administratively assigned by the Potsdam Agreement to the Soviet Union, pending a final Peace Conference (with the commitment of Britain and the United States to support its incorporation into Russia) and was then annexed by the Soviet Union. All land expansion from 1938 to 1945 was hence treated as automatically invalid, including Eupen-Malmedy, Alsace-Lorraine, Austria, Lower Styria, Upper Carniola, Southern Carinthia, Bohemia, Moravia, Czech Silesia, Danzig, Poland, and Memel.įlight and expulsion of ethnic Germans In addition, under the Allies' Berlin Declaration (1945), the territory of the extinguished German Reich was to be treated as the land area within its borders as of 31 December 1937.
At Potsdam, these four zones in total were denoted as 'Germany as a whole', and the four Allied Powers exercised the sovereign authority they now claimed over Germany in agreeing 'in principle' to the ceding of territory of the former German Reich east of 'Germany as a whole' to Poland and the Soviet Union. Berlin is the multinational area within the Soviet zone.Īt the Potsdam Conference (17 July to 2 August 1945), after Germany's unconditional surrender on, the Allies officially divided Germany into the four military occupation zones - France in the southwest, the United Kingdom in the northwest, the United States in the south, and the Soviet Union in the east, bounded on the east by the new Poland-Germany border on the Oder-Neisse line. The territories east of the Oder-Neisse line, ceded to Poland and the Soviet Union, are shown as white as is the likewise detached Saar Protectorate controlled by France. Occupation zone borders in Germany, lately 1947. The country was reunited on 3 October 1990, following the decline and fall of the SED as the ruling party of East Germany and the Peaceful Revolution there.ĭivision of Germany Four military occupied zones East Germany stagnated as its economy was largely organized to meet the needs of the Soviet Union the East German secret police tightly controlled daily life, and the Berlin Wall (1961) ended the steady flow of refugees to the West. West Germany also joined the North Atlantic Treaty Organization and the European Economic Community. Under Chancellor Konrad Adenauer, West Germany built strong relationships with France, the United Kingdom, the United States, and Israel.
MAP OF THE WORLD AFTER WW2 FREE
the Federal Republic of Germany, established on, commonly known as West Germany, was a parliamentary democracy with an ordoliberal economic system and free churches and labor unions.
In the Cold War two separate German countries emerged: Germany was divided during the Cold War between the Western Bloc led by the United States, and the Eastern Bloc led by the USSR. Some nine million Germans were prisoners of war. 12 to 14 million German-speaking refugees and expellees arrived in Western and central Germany from its Eastern territories and other countries in Eastern Europe between 19 an estimated two million of them died on the way there. This included around 400,000 survivors from the Nazi concentration camp system, survivors from a much larger number who had died from starvation, harsh conditions, murder, or being worked to death. Saarland was French protectorate from 1947 to 1956 without the recognition of the " Four Powers", because the Soviet Union opposed it, making it a disputed territory.Īt the end of World War II, there were some eight million foreign displaced people in Germany, mainly forced laborers and prisoners.
The history of Germany from 1945–1990 spans the period following World War II, from the Berlin Declaration marking the abolition of the German Reich and Allied-occupied period in Germany on 5 June 1945 to German reunification on 3 October 1990.įollowing the collapse of the Third Reich in 1945, and its defeat in World War II, Germany was stripped of its territorial gains more than a quarter of its old pre-war territory was annexed to communist Poland and the Soviet Union and their German populations were expelled to the west. Bilateral relations Inter–German relations
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